Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition marked by extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression).
During manic episodes, a person may feel euphoric, full of energy, talk rapidly, take risks, or need little sleep.
During depressive episodes, they may feel hopeless, fatigued, and lose interest in daily activities.
These shifts are more intense than regular ups and downs and can disrupt work, relationships, and daily life. Bipolar disorder has different subtypes (such as Bipolar I and Bipolar II), depending on the severity and length of episodes.
The causes involve a mix of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. Treatment often includes a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle management. Importantly, with proper care, many people with bipolar disorder live fulfilling and productive lives.